The effect of guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) in feed with different extraction methods on the immunity of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenged by Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Downloads
Diseases in vaname shrimp can cause economic losses, reduced production, and, in extreme cases, crop failure due to mass mortality. One disease that frequently occurs in intensive ponds of Litopenaeus vannamei is vibriosis, caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Efforts to enhance shrimp immune responses by administering immunostimulants aim to prevent disease. One natural ingredient that can act as an immunostimulant is guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.). Common methods for producing guava leaf extract include maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and ultrasonics, but these methods are expensive. One solution is conventional extraction methods, such as flouring, boiling, and blending. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding guava leaf extract to feed, using different extraction methods, on the immune response of whiteleg shrimp and to test it against V. parahaemolyticus. The method used was a randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The measured parameters in this study consisted of SR, FCR, SLGR, SWGR, media TVCs, THC, DHC, PA, and water quality. The results showed that P5 (blender method) with an SR value of 80%, FCR 1.1, SLGR 3 %/day, SWGR 8,2 %/day, media TVCs 20x102 CFU/mL, THC 16x106 cells/mL, hyaline cells 63.3%, and PA 68% showed the highest value compared to other treatments.
Downloads
Abdi R., Setyowati D.N., Mukhlis A. (2022). Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Daun Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) dengan Dosis Berbeda pada Pakan terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang Diinfeksi Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Jurnal Perikanan Unram, 12(1): 33-44. (in Indonesian)
Affandi R.I., Azhar F., Scabra A.R., Muahiddah N., Dwiyanti S., Saputra M.A., Diniariwisan D., Rahmadani T.B.C., Asri Y., Setyono B.D.H. (2025). Bioactive compounds identification of octopus (Octopus sp.) ink extract as candidates for aquaculture immunostimulants: a preliminary study. AACL Bioflux, 18(1): 500-511.
Agustono., Arif M.A.A., Dewi F.S. (2016). Pemanfaatan tepung keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata) sebagai pengganti tepung ikan dalam pakan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) terhadap kecernaan serat kasar dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN). Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health, 5(2): 36-42. (in Indonesian)
Alfiyanti E., Putri D.H. (2020). Precision of enumeration technique for count of the number of bacterial cells with the spread plate method. Serambi Biologi, 5(1): 7-10.
Amin M., Jusadi D., Mokoginta I. (2011). Penggunaan enzim fitase untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan fosfor dari sumber bahan nabati pakan dan pertumbuhan ikan lele (Clarias sp). Jurnal Saintek Perikanan, 6(2): 52-60. (in Indonesian)
Anjasmara B., Julyantoro P.G.S., Suryaningtyas E.W. (2018). Total bakteri dan kelimpahan Vibrio pada Budidaya Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) Sistem Resirkulasi Tertutup dengan Padat Tebar Berbeda. Current Trends in Aquatic Science, 1(1): 1-7. (in Indonesian)
Azuwarita M., Wulandari R., Zahra A. (2021). Pengaruh ekstrak Sargassum sp. terhadap aktifitas fagositosis ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer) yang diinfeksi bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus. Intek Akuakultur, 5(1): 27-39. (in Indonesian)
Chairunnisa S., Wartini N.M., Suhendra L. (2019). Pengaruh suhu dan waktu maserasi terhadap karakteristik ekstrak daun bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) sebagai sumber saponin. Jurnal Rekayasa dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 7(4): 551-560. (in Indonesian)
Darwantin K., Sidik R., Mahasri G. (2016). Efektivitas penggunaan imunostimulan dalam pakan terhadap laju pertumbuhan, respons imun, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana, 18(2): 1-17. (in Indonesian)
Dewi N.R., Huang, H.T., Wu Y.S., Liao Z.H., Lin Y.J., Lee P.T., Nan F.H. (2021). Guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract enhances immunity, growth, and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 118(1): 1-10.
Díaz-de-Cerio E., Verardo V., Gómez-Caravaca A.M., Fernández-Gutiérrez A., Segura-Carretero A. (2017). Health effects of Psidium guajava L. leaves: An overview of the last decade. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(4): 1-31.
Farman Y., Azhar F., Marzuki M. (2025). Influence of Bdellovibrio in maintenance media on the survival of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 25(1): 1196-1205.
Faturrahman, Rizaldi L.Y., Azhar F., Scabra A.R., Syukur A., Priyambodo B., Amin M., Qoriasmadillah W. (2025). The effect of substituting fish meal with fermented maggot meal on the growth performance, survival, and molting of juvenile spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus). Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 9(7): 3192-3199.
Febrianti B.Y., Azhar F., Mukhlis A. (2025). Effect of frequency of administration of Kappa-Carrageenan on immune response and survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infected Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 25(3): 3115-3124.
Haliman R.W., Adijaya D. (2005). Udang vaname, pembudidayaan dan prospek pasar udang vaname yang tahan penyakit. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya. (in Indonesian)
Handarni D., Putri S.H., Tensiska T. (2020). Skrining kualitatif fitokimia senyawa antibakteri pada ekstrak daun jambu biji (Psidiium guajava L.). Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem, 8(2): 182-188. (in Indonesian)
Hasani M.S., Scabra A.R., Mulyani L.F. (2025). Growth of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenged by Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria with addition of Moringa oleifera leaf powder through feed. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 27(8): 76-88.
Hatmanti A. (2003). Penyakit Bakterial pada Budidaya Krustasea Serta Cara Penanganannya. Oseana, 28(3): 1-10. (in Indonesian)
Hurryah M., Hilyana S., Mukhlis A. (2015). Penggunaan Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji Psidium guajava untuk Meningkatkan Kelangsungan Hidup Benih Ikan Kerapu Bebek Cromileptes altivelis terhadap Serangan Bakteri Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Jurnal Perikanan UNRAM, 7(1): 23-29. (in Indonesian)
Hutabarat M., Samiaji J., Rumondang A. (2025). Performa pertumbuhan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) pada industri tambak udang pt. berkat kasih karunia, tapanuli tengah, ditinjau dari aspek kualitas Air. Jurnal Perikanan Terapan, 2(1): 11-22. (in Indonesian)
Ismawati I., Destryana R.A., Huzaimah N. (2020). Imunitas udang vanname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang diberi pakan tambahan daun kasembukan (Paederia foetida Linn.). Jurnal Kelautan, 12(2): 201-206. (in Indonesian)
Jannah M., Junaidi M., Setyowati D.N., Azhar F. (2018). Pengaruh pemberian Lactobacillus sp. dengan dosis yang berbeda terhadap sistem imun udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang diinfeksi bakteri Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Jurnal Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 11(2): 140. (in Indonesian)
Khusnah A., Satyantini W.H., Amin M. (2023). Studi perbandingan histopatologi udang vaname yang terinfeksi Vibrio parahaemolyticus dari tiga tambak berbeda. Jurnal Grouper, 14(2): 144-151. (in Indonesian)
KKP. (2023). Profil pasar udang. Direktorat Jenderal Penguatan Daya Saing Produk Kelautan dan Perikanan. (in Indonesian)
Kumar N.S.S., Sarbon N.M., Rana S.S., Chintagunta A.D., Prathibha S., Ingilala S.K., Kumar S.P.J., Anvesh B.S., Dirisala V.R. (2021). Extraction of bioactive compounds from Psidium guajava leaves and its utilization in preparation of jellies. AMB Express, 11(1): 2-9.
Kusmarwati A., Yenni Y., Indriati N. (2017). Resistensi antibiotik pada Vibrio parahaemolyticus dari udang vaname asal pantai utara jawa untuk pasar ekspor. Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 12(2): 91-106. (in Indonesian)
Lapanda A., Scabra A.R., Affandi R.I. (2025). Effect of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf flour on the growth and survival of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 27(9): 95-107.
Lestari D.P. (2018). Aktivitas Eenzim Pencernaan Udang Vaname (Penaeus vannamei) yang Diberikan Pakan Berbahan Baku Tepung Skeletonema costatum. Jurnal Perikanan, 8(1): 71-75. (in Indonesian)
López-León P., Luna-González A., Escamilla-Montes R., Flores-Miranda M.D.C., Fierro-Coronado J.A., Álvarez-Ruiz P., Diarte-Plata G. (2016). Isolation and Characterization of Infectious Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the Causative agent of AHPND, from the whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 44(3): 470-479.
Manoppo H., Kolopita M.E.F. (2016). Penggunaan ragi roti (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) sebagai imunostimulan untuk meningkatkan resistensi ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L) terhadap infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Budidaya Perairan, 4(3): 37-47. (in Indonesian)
Miandare H.K., Mirghaed A.T., Hosseini M., Mazloumi N., Zargar A., Nazari S. (2019). Corrigendum to “Dietary immunogen modulated digestive enzyme activity and immune gene expression in Litopenaeus vannamei post larvae”. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 93: 621-627.
Nihali M.P., Sulistijowati R., Yusuf N. (2020). Pengawetan ikan tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) menggunakan sari daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava) selama penyimpanan suhu ruang. Jambura Fish Processing Journal, 2(2): 68-76. (in Indonesian)
Owens L., O’neill A. (1997). Use of a clinical cell flow cytometer for differential counts of prawn Penaeus monodon hemocytes. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 31: 147-153.
Permen-KP. (2016). Peraturan menteri kelautan dan perikanan republik indonesia no. 75 tahun 2016 tentang pedoman umum pembesaran udang windu (Penaeus monodon) dan udang vanamei (Litopenaeus vannamei). (in Indonesian)
Pratiwi R., Supriyono E., Widanarni. (2016). Total hemosit, glukosa hemolimf, dan kinerja produksi lobster pasir (Panulirus homarus) yang dibudidayakan menggunakan sistem kompartemen individu. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 8(1): 321-333.
Rainbow I.W., Azhar F., Scabra A.R. (2025). Efektivitas Bdellovibrio terhadap Sistem Imun Udang Putih (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang diinfeksi bakteri Vibrio harveyi di Kota Mataram, NTB. Jurnal Media Akuakultur, 5(1): 55-79. (in Indonesian)
Ratri K.S., Hutabarat J., Herawati V.E. (2020). Pengaruh pemberian pakan Phronima sp. substitusi Artemia sp. terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Jurnal Sains Teknologi Akuakultur, 3(2): 66-75. (in Indonesian)
Riana. (2020). Peningkatan respon imun nonspesifik udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) dengan suplementasi pakan natrium alginat Sargassum sp. dari pantai biha pesisir barat lampung. Skripsi. Lampung: Program Studi Budidaya Perairan, Universitas Lampung. (in Indonesian)
Rosyida A., Setyowati D.N., Azhar F. (2022). Pengaruh penambahan ekstrak kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria) terhadap sistem imun udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang diuji tantang dengan bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan, 27(2): 136-144. (in Indonesian)
Sadewa L.W.B. (2025). Efektivitas metode ekstraksi kunyit (Curcuma domestica) sebagai imunostimulan terhadap udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang Diinfeksi Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Skripsi. Mataram: Program Studi Budidaya Perairan, Jurusan Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Mataram. (in Indonesian)
Santi, Nur I., Kurnia A. (2017). Penggunaan bahan aktif ekstrak daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Vibrio harveyi penyebab penyakit pada udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) secara in vitro. Journal of Fishery Science and Innovation, 1(2): 10-15. (in Indonesian)
Scabra A.R., Azhar F., Alim S., Nurussalam W. (2025). Feed Supplementation with Calcium from Shrimp Shells in Vannamei Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Cultivated in Low-Salinity Media. AACL Bioflux, 18(5): 2133-2147.
Scabra A.R., Cokrowati N., Wahyudi R. (2023). Penambahan kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) pada media air tawar budidaya udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan, 14(2): 129-140. (in Indonesian)
Scabra A.R., Marzuki M., Cokrowati N., Setyono B.D.H., Mulyani L.F. (2021). Peningkatan kelarutan kalsium melalui penambahan daun ketapang Terminalia catappa pada media air tawar budidaya udang vannamei Litopennaeus vannamei. Jurnal Perikanan Unram, 11(1): 35-49. (in Indonesian)
Scabra A.R., Marzuki M., Yarni B.M. (2023). Pengaruh Pemberian Kalsium Hidroksida (CaOH?) dan fosfor (P) terhadap pertumbuhan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) pada media air tawar. Jurnal Ruaya, 11(1): 39-51. (in Indonesian)
Syafrida M., Darmanti S., Munifatul I. (2018). Pengaruh suhu pengeringan terhadap kadar air, kadar flavonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan daun dan umbi rumput teki (Cyperus rotundus L.). Bioma, 20(1): 44-50. (in Indonesian)
Tari M., Alta U., Indriani O. (2022). Penetapan kadar flavonoid secara spektrofotometri visibel pada daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) dengan perbedaan suhu pengeringan simplisia. Jurnal Aisyiyah Medika, 7(1): 89-101. (in Indonesian)
Yeh S.P., Chen Y.-N., Hsieh S. L., Cheng W., Liu C.H. (2009). Immune response of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, after a concurrent infection with white spot syndrome virus and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 26(4): 582-588.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Aquatic Biology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
