Pelagic primary productivity in the Euphrates River, Samawa City, Iraq
Downloads
This study quantified the seasonal primary productivity of the Euphrates River near Samawa City between January and December 2023 by assessing key biological characteristics at three selected sites. Annual productivity estimates ranged from 24925.18 to 58144.01 mg/m²/y. Water quality analysis revealed seasonal fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (4.8-13 mg/l), nitrate (1.84-9.83 µg/l), nitrite (0.08-3.05 µg/l), and phosphate (0.017-0.93 µg/l). Biological indices varied across sites and seasons. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated a moderate positive correlation between phosphate levels and biomass, suggesting a potential influence of phosphate on the river's primary productivity.
Downloads
Al-Ghafily A.A.K. (2018) 'Seasonal study of some physical and chemical factors and algae in the Tigris River, Baghdad-Iraq', Plant Archives, 18(2): 2285-2291.
Alakm F.M., Shaawat A.O. (2010) Primary productivity and environmental factors affecting it in Al-Daghara River/Al-Diwaniyah/Iraq Euphrates. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2: 142-125.
Al-Asadi S.H.A.-A. (2015) 'Environmental study of the algae community and some environmental pollutants in Al-Husseiniya- Holy Karbala, Iraq. PhD, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Karbala University. 232 p.
Al-Haidarey M.J.S., Abbas M.C., Abdulmunem I.A. (2018). Primary productivity in Bahr Al-Najaf Depression Reservoir/Iraq. Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 10(3).?
Al-Khafaji A.S., Al-Taee I.A. (2020). Study of some physical and chemical parameters in the Euphrates River in Samawah City, Iraq.? Plant Archives, 20(1): 2813-2818.
Al-Taee I.A.A.-M. (2017). Algal community, composition and its relation with some environmental variable in Bahr Al-Najaf -Iraq. A Thesis to the College of Science, University of Al-Kufa. 118 p.
Amadi A.N., Olasehinde P.I., Okosun E.A., Yisa J. (2010). Assessment of the water quality index of Otamiri and Oramiriukwa rivers. Physics International, 1(2): 116-123.
AL-Hamdawe A.A.S. (2009). The primary productivity and environmental factors influencing it are in Al-Daghara River/ Diwaniya/Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of AL-Qadisiya. 112 p.
Badger M.R., Andrews T.J., Whitney S.M., Ludwig M., Yellowlees D.C., Leggat W., Price G.D. (1998). The diversity and coevolution of Rubisco, plastids, pyrenoids, and chloroplast-based CO2-concentrating mechanisms in algae. Canadian Journal of Botany, 76(6): 1052-1071.
Behrenfeld M.J., Malley R.T.O., Siegel D.A., McClain C.R., Sarmiento J.L., Feldman G.C., Milligan A.J., Falkowski P.G., Letelier R.M., Boss E.S. (2006) Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity Nature, 444 (7120): 752-755.
Cloern J.E., Foster S.Q., Kleckner A.E. (2014). Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems. Biogeosciences, 11(9): 2477-2501.
Griffiths J.R., Lehtinen S., Suikkanen S., Winder M. (2020). Limited evidence for common interannual trends in Baltic Sea summer phytoplankton biomass. PLOS ONE, 15: 1-15.
Hamdan M. (2021). Effects of temperature and terrestrial carbon on primary production in lake ecosystems (Doctoral dissertation, Umeå University). 184 p.
Hamdan M., Byström P., Hotchkiss E.R., Al-Haidarey M.J., Ask J., Karlsson J. (2018). Carbon dioxide stimulates lake primary production. Science Report, 8(1): 1-5.
Hashim N.N., Al-Taee M.M. (2015). Biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in Al-Razzaza lake at Karbala province/Iraq. International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(1): 423-427.
Hassan F.M., Al-Kubaisi A.A., Talib A.H., Taylor W.D., Abdulah D.S. (2011). Phytoplankton primary production in southern Iraqi marshes after restoration. Baghdad Science Journal, 8(1): 519-527.?
Herawati H., Nurruhwati I. (2020). Primary Productivity of Jatigede Reservoirs in Sumedang, West Java. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 20-27.
Hoosier R.H.R. (2000). Volunteer stream monitoring training manual. Indiana's volunteer stream monitoring Program. Natural Resources Education Center. Indianapolis, 46216: 1066.
Kromkamp J., Capuzzo E., Philippart C.J.M. (2017). Measuring phytoplankton primary production review of existing methodologies and suggestions for a common approach, EcApRHA Deliverable WP 3.2.
Nurfadillah N., Tarina S., Miswar E., Dewiyanti I., Agustina S. (2019). Relationship of primary productivity and phytoplankton abundance in Muara Kuala Raja, Bireuen district, Aceh. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 567(1): 012024.
Smale ?.D.A., Pessarrodon A., King N., Burrows M.T., Yunnie A. (2020). Environmental factors influencing primary productivity of the forest forming kelp, Laminaria hyperborea in the northeast. Science Report, 22; 10(1): 12161.
Vadeboncoeur Y., Steinman A.D. (2002). Periphyton function in lake Ecosystems, The scientific world journal, 2: 1449-1468.
Nurruhwati I., Herawati H., Arief M.C. (2022). Spatial distribution of phytoplankton in Jatigede Reservoir, Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation and Legislation, 15(5): 2488-2499.?
Zhang Y., Xiao X., Wu X., Zhou S., Zhang G., Qin Yand Dong J. (2016). A global moderate resolution dataset of gross primary production of vegetation, Sci. data, 4: 1-13.
Mahmoud A., Al-Fanharawi A.A., Al-Taee I. (2022). Assessment of primary parameters in Sawa Lake and their impact on productivity. Asian Journal of Water, Environment, and Pollution, 19(6): 59-65.
Zahidah A.R., Rosenani A.B., Hajar A.S., Nozulaidi N.M. (2021). Effects of different types of organic fertilizer on biomass yield, bioactive compounds and heavy metals contents of Phyllanthus niruri. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2000(1): 012005.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Aquatic Biology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
