Assessment of antioxidant defense mechanisms in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following exposure to abamectin: Implications for aquatic toxicology
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The study examines the impact of the pesticide abamectin on Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), specifically its effects on antioxidant defense mechanisms. A total of 168 fish were exposed to varying concentrations of abamectin, revealing a 96-hour lethal concentration (LC50) of 15.69 ?g/L. Following this, 180 fish were subjected to sub-lethal concentrations (0, 4.5, 5, and 5.5 ?g/L) for 14 days. The results indicated that the control group exhibited the highest liver catalase enzyme activity, while lower activity was noted in fish exposed to 5 and 5.5 ?g/L of abamectin. Additionally, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly higher in the control and 4.5 ?g/L groups compared to the higher concentrations. Conversely, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation, were elevated in fish exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of abamectin. The findings suggest that low concentrations of abamectin (4.5 ?g/L) activate the fish's antioxidant defense system, enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes to combat free radicals. However, at higher concentrations (5 and 5.5 ?g/L), there is a suppression of antioxidant enzyme activity, a reduction in glutathione and TAC levels, and an increase in oxidative stress markers. Overall, abamectin exposure leads to oxidative stress in Rainbow trout, characterized by diminished antioxidant defenses and increased lipid peroxidation.
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