Evaluation of using the hyperosmotic environment on the double-streptococcus (Streptococcus iniae/Lactococcus garvieae) vaccine efficacy by bath method in juvenile great sturgeon, Huso huso
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In this study, the effectiveness of the double-streptococcus (Streptococcus iniae/Lactococcus garvieae) vaccine was evaluated in great sturgeon, Huso huso. The fish were divided into six experimental groups which included a group of fish vaccinated by injection method (Treatment 1), two-step vaccination in a hyperosmotic environment followed by a vaccine by immersion method (Treatment 2), two-step vaccination by immersion method (Treatment 3), vaccination in a hyper-osmotic environment followed by a one-step vaccine by immersion method (Treatment 4), one-step vaccinated fish group by immersion method (Treatment 5) and a control group. A total of 120 juvenile great sturgeon with an average weight of 27.4±1.7 g were divided into 12 tanks (two replicates for each group) and were reared and tested for two months. The fish in treatments 2 and 3 received the second step of the vaccine 21 days after the first vaccination. Based on the results, the serum total protein and immunoglobulin levels and white blood cell counts (WBC), as well as serum antibody titer against L. garvieae and S. iniae in vaccinated fish by the injection method, were recorded as higher in comparison to other treatments (P ? 0.05). On the other hand, the mentioned parameters for Treatments 2 and 3 were higher than those of the control group and Treatments 4 and 5. After the bacterial challenge, the control group had 80% mortality, while the lowest mortality rate belonged to the fish vaccinated by the injection method (with only 20% deaths). The fish that received two stages of vaccine by the immersion method had fewer casualties than the one-step vaccinated fish. According to the study's results, using a hyperosmotic solution (15 ppt NaCl) did not have a satisfactory effect on the vaccine efficacy in great sturgeon. Also, one-step vaccination by the bath method does not provide acceptable immunity for the mentioned bacteria in this fish. In conclusion, vaccination by the injection method is suggested as the best method of vaccination for juvenile great sturgeon.
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