Effect of water pollution in Sevastopol bays (Black Sea) on histopathological and oxidative stress biomarkers of black scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus
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In two of the bays, Streletskaya Bay and Balaklavskaya Bay (Sevastopol, Black Sea), historically affected by various kinds of anthropogenic activity, we assessed environmental pollution using liver, gonads, and gill histopathological indicators and antioxidant biomarkers in black scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus L. The results show several differences in histological alterations across the liver, gills, and gonads, as well as in blood antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) among fish from the study areas. Gonads of all females examined from both bays showed atresia of vitellogenic oocytes. Histological analysis of the fish gills has demonstrated hyperplasia of the respiratory lamellae, which could significantly decrease the interlamellar length. In both areas, the most prominent histological changes observed in liver tissue were lipid alterations in hepatocytes. In several females, degeneration of the hepatic parenchyma was also found. These findings indicate that living conditions at both sites were suboptimal for the examined species, with soluble toxicants potentially contributing to the observed tissue alterations. Analyses of histological alterations in the tissues tested and of antioxidant enzyme activities, such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, in fish blood may reflect varying levels of pollution across bays, with higher levels in Streletskaya Bay than in Balaklavskaya Bay. The biomarkers examined could be used in future monitoring of water quality in the Sevastopol bays.
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