The effect of different light intensities on the anatomical and chemical characteristics of the aquatic plant of Azolla pinnata
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Azolla pinnata is one of the important aquatic plants used as feed for fish and poultry. The current work aimed to study the effect of varying lighting intensities on the anatomical characteristics and chemical compounds of A. pinnata. The experiment was conducted to culture Azolla under different light intensities of 0, 15,000, 10,000, 5,000, and 2,000 lux. The results showed that differences in light intensities affected most of the anatomical characteristics of A. pinnata. Increases and decreases in light intensity led to variations in the thickness of the vertical walls of the epidermis and the cuticle layer and in the dimensions of the epidermal cells on the upper and lower surfaces. Additionally, these changes affected the thickness and dimensions of the mesophyll tissues. A decrease in light intensity to 2,000 lux also impacted the mesophyll, leading to the rupture of its cells. Furthermore, primary pits were observed on the upper and lower surfaces, along with an abundance of Anabaena azolla algal cells on the lower surface, especially when the light intensity decreased to 5,000 and 2,000 lux. On the other hand, the increase and decrease in light intensity affected the chemical compounds, resulting in the appearance and disappearance of some secondary compounds. Notably, two phenolic compounds were identified: vanillin acetate and phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-4-methyl-]. Some compounds were shared among the different light treatments, with varying concentrations of the same compound compared to the control treatment.
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