Application of some aquatic plants as bio-indicators for petroleum hydrocarbon compounds in Um Alnaaj Marshes, Iraq
Downloads
Petroleum hydrocarbon compounds are one pollutant that contributes to water pollution in Um Alnaaj Marshes in Iraq. The present study aimed to estimate the role of some aquatic plant species in the accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. Four plant species viz. Typha domingensis, Phragmites australis, Azolla filiculoides, and Hydrilla verticillatafrom) were collected from Um Alnaaj marshes in southern Iraq and used as a bioindicator for petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. The results showed that Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) concentrations ranged from 21.3 to 53.9 µg/g, dw in A. filiculoides and T. domingensis, respectively. In addition, the levels of total PAHs were 2376.501, 1127.139, 541.17, and 19.062 ng/g, dw in T. domingensis, H. verticillatafrom, A. filiculoides, and P. australis, respectively. Higher molecular weight PAHs were more than lower molecular weight PAHs in all plants studied. The results also revealed that the origin of PAHs in the studied plants according to LPAHs/ HPAHs ratio and Fluo/ Pyr ratio was a mix of pyrogenic and petrogenic. Furthermore, the results showed that the sources of n-alkanes, according to Carbon Preference Index (CPI) ratios, were biogenic in all plants except P. australis, which was anthropogenic. However, the Pristine /Phytane ratio was less than one in all studied plants. A high accumulation of hydrocarbon compounds was observed in studied plants, which indicated the possibility of using aquatic plants as a bio-indicator for petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in the marshes of Iraq.
Downloads
Abha S., Singh C.S. (2012). Hydrocarbon pollution: Effects on living organisms, remediation of contaminated environments, and effects of heavy metals co-contamination on bioremediation, introduction to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes, and bioremediation of oil-contaminated sites. In: L. Romero-Zeron (Ed.). Introduction to Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Processes and Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Sites. ISBN: 978-953-51-0629-6.
Aksmann A., Tukaj Z. (2008). Intact anthracene inhibits photosynthesis in algal cells: a fluorescence induction study on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cw92 strain. Chemosphere, 74(1): 26-32.
Al-Khatib F.M.H. (2008). Determination of the concentration, origin, and distribution of hydrocarbon compounds in water, sediments, and some biota of Hor Al-Howaiza, south of Iraq, and their sources. Ph.D., thesis, College of Science, University of Basrah. 228 p.
Al-Saad H.T., Farid W.A., Ateek A.A., Sultan A.W.A., Ghani A.A., Mahdi S. (2015). N-Alkanes in surficial soils of Basrah city, Southern Iraq. International Journal of Marine Science, 5(52): 1-8.
Aziz Z.S., Jazaa S.H., Dageem H.N., Banoon S.R., Balboul B.A., Abdelzaher M.A. (2024). Bacterial biodegradation of oil-contaminated soil for pollutant abatement contributing to achieve sustainable development goals: A comprehensive review. Results in Engineering, 102083.
Bopp S.K., Lettieri T. (2007). Gene regulation in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana upon exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Gene, 396(2) 293-302.
Gallegos M.M.G., Gomez T.A.G., Gonzales L.G., Montes O.G., Yanez L.Y., Zermeno J.A., Gutierrez R.M. (2000). Diagnostic and resulting approached to restore petroleum-contaminated soil in a Mexican tropical swamp. Water Science and Technology, 42: 377.
Hassan F.M., Al-Obaidy A.H.M.J., Khalaf S.M. (2020). The polyaromatic hydrocarbons types, concentrations, and sources in particulate matter and aquatic plant in Tigris River, Baghdad, Iraq. Desalination and Water Treatment, 198: 314-322.
Hassan F.M., Salman J.M., Douabul A.A., Naji A.S. (2016). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) concentrations in some aquatic macrophytes in Hilla River, Iraq. Environmental Earth Sciences, 7(2): 198-211.
Incardona J.P., Collier T.K., Scholz N.L. (2004). Defects in cardiac function precede morphological abnormalities in fish embryos exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 196(2): 191-205.
Jazza S.H., Al-Saad H.T., Al-Adhub A.Y. (2016). Using two species from common aquatic plants as bio-indicators of pollution with hydrocarbons compounds in Al-Kahlaa River -Missan Province/ Iraq. International Journal of Marine Science, 6(3):1-4.
Jazza S.H., Khwadem A.A. (2021). Origins and distribution of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediments of some rivers in Misan Province, Iraq. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology (ICAEAS special issue 2021): 46-53.
Jazza S.H. (2015). The status of hydrocarbon compounds pollution of water, sediments, and some aquatic biota in Al-Kahlaa River Missan Province/Iraq. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Basrah, Iraq. 175 p.
Kadhim H.A., Al-Hejuje M.M., Al-Saad H.T. (2022). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Pahs) in some plant species at west Qurna-1 Oil Field in Basra, Southern Iraq, Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(2): 165-172.
Rushdi A.I., Douabul A.A.Z., Mohammed S.S., Simoneit B.R.T. (2006). Composition and sources of extractable organic matter in Mesopotamian marshland surface sediments of Iraq. 1: Aliphatic lipids. Environmental Geology, 50: 857-866.
Saad Z.M., Al-Chaabawi N.J., Hassan S.A.H. (2023). A novel adaptive noise cancellation method based on minimization of error entropy for electrocardiogram denoising. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 32(1): 185-196.
Saleh H., Al-Kahlidi M.U.R.T.A.D.A., Abulridha H.A., Banoon S.R., Abdelzaher M.A. (2021). Current situation and future prospects for plastic waste in maysan governorate: effects and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 64(8): 4449-4460.
Sander M., Sivertsen S., Scott G. (2002). Origin and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in surficial sediment from the Savanah River. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 43: 438-448.
Shahriari M.H., Firrozabadi G.S., Tehrani G.M., Padidaran M. (2006). The effect of mixed plants Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) on the phytoremediation of light crude oil in soil. Environal Sciences, 4: 33-40.
Sheikh-Abdullah S.R., Al-Baldawi I.A., Almansoory A.F., Purwanti I.F., Al-Sbani N.H., Sharuddin S.S.N. (2020). Plant assisted remediation of hydrocarbons in water and soil: Application, mechanisms, challenges and opportunities. Chemosphere, 247: 125932.
Singh A.K., Gaur J.P. (1990). Effects of petroleum oils and their paraffinic, asphaltic, and aromatic fractions on photosynthesis and respiration of microalgae. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 19(1): 8-16.
Sushkova S., Minkina T., Tarigholizadeh S., Antonenko E., Konstantinova E., Gülser C., Dudnikova T., Barbashe A., K?z?lkaya A. (2020). PAHs accumulation in soil-plant system of Phragmites australis Cav. in soil under long-term chemical contamination. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 9(3): 242-253.
Talal A.A. (2008). A study for the seasonal and regional variations of hydrocarbon levels and origin of n–alkanes in water, sediments, and some species of Biota in Hor Al-Hammar Marshes. Ph.D thesis, college of Science, University of Basrah. 166 p.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (UNEPA) (2011). National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). Available on: http://www.epa.gov/ttn /naaqs/.
Vrana B., Pasch A., Popp P. (2001). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration and patterns in sediments and surface water of Mansfed region, Saxony. Anhalt, Germany. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 3(6): 602-609.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Aquatic Biology
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.