The effect of adding the growth promoter Bio Boost Aqua to fermented diets to improve the dietary value and productive performance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.
Downloads
The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the growth enhancer Bio Boost Aqua to improve the dietary value and productive performance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. For this purpose, 80 fish were used, and water quality parameters were controlled during the experiment, with no mortality. The results showed significant differences between the control group and the three experimental treatments. The results also revealed a significant increase in the total protein content in the fermented diet compared to the control one. Treatments also led to a significant reduction in the fiber content of the fermented diet compared to the control. No significant difference was observed in studied diets for carbohydrates, fat, and ash percentages. There were no significant differences between treatments in the amount of feed consumed. A significant difference for treatments T2 and T3 was observed in growth performance involving final weight and weight gain. The specific growth rate was significantly superior for T2 compared to the other treatments. Feed efficiency showed a significant superiority in this parameter for T2 and T3 compared to T1 and T4 treatment. Protein consumed and protein produced values recorded a significantly superior performance for all treatments compared to the control. The results showed that the percentages of moisture and ash in muscle tissues decreased at the end of the experiment compared to the beginning. A significant difference in the percentage of protein deposited in body tissues for all treatments was observed at the end of the experiment. In contrast, the fat percentage did not show any significant differences in this parameter.
Downloads
Al-Neamy S.B. (2008). Influence of phosphatic on seeds quantity in growth yields properties and active in gradient in anise plant. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, Baghdad University. pp: 45-49.
A.O.A.C. (2000). Association of Official Analytical Chemists of Facial Method of Analysis 17th ed. V11, USA.
Al-Humairi Kadhim O.M., Al-Tameemi Riyadh A., Al-Noor Sajed S. (2020). Growth performance and feed efficiency assessment of two groups of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) cultivated in Iraq. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Science, 33(1): 189-199.
Ali H.N. (2019). Using different treatment on water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes leaves and its effect on the growth of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. by using well water. M.Sc. thesis, Agriculture College of Almuthanna University. 1201 p.
Abdul Rahman N.M., Al -Jader F.A. (2015). The effect of adding different levels of commercial dry yeast to common carb diet on growth performance. Iraqi Journal of Science and Technology, 6(2): 1-10.
Al-Hamadany Q.H. (2008). Growth rates of young Buni Barbus sharpeyi (Gunther, 1874) and common carp Cyprinus carpio L. under laboratory conditions. Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture, 5(2): 65-72.
Al-Janabi M., Al-Noor J., Al- Dubakel A.Y. (2022). Assessment of Thepax and Bio Boost for promoting microbial growth in common carp, Cyprinus carpio intestines. Revis Bionatura. 7(4): 18.
Anwar A.Y. (2013). Inclusion of lupin meal and effect of a commercial feed supplement (Synergen™) in diets for carp, Cyprinus carpio. MSc. Thesis, University of Plymouth. 155 p.
Arangdhar M.D., Vora S., Sarang S. (2015). Isolation and identification of Lactobacilli from raw milk samples obtained from Aarey Milk Colony. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5(4): 1-5.
Borghesi R., Portz L., Oetterer M., Zyrino J.E.P. (2008). Apparent digestibility coefficient of protein and amino acids of acid, biological and enzymatic silage for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture Nutrition, 14: 242-248.
Canibe N., Jensen B.B. (2012). Fermented liquid feed-Microbial and nutritional aspects and impact on enteric diseases in pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 173(1-2): 17-40.
Cruz Y., Kijora C., Vianys A., Schulz C. (2014). Inclusion of fermented aquatic plants as feed resource for Cachama blanca, Piaractus brachypomus, fed low-fish meal diets. Revista Orinoquia, 18(2): 233-240.
De Rodriganez M.A., Diaz-Rosales P., Chabrillon M., Smidt H., Arijo S., Rubion L.J.M., Alarcon F.J., Balebona M.C., Morinigo M.A., Cara J.B., Moyano F.J. (2009). Effect of dietary administration of probiotics on growth and intestine functionality of juvenile Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858). Aquaculture Nutrition, 15: 177-185.
Dimovelis P., Christaki E., Tserveni-Goussi A . (2004). Performance of layer hens fed a diet with mannan Oligosaccharides from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bio-mos). 21st World Poultry conf. Istanbul.
Duncan C.B. (1955). Multiple range and Multiple 'F' test. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
El-Sayed K.A. (2002). Study to determine maximum growth capacity and amino acid requirements of Tilapia genotypes. PhD Thesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, University Gottingen. 106 p.
El-Haroun E.R., Goda A.M.A.S., Chowdhury K.M.A. (2006). Effect of dietary probiotic Biogen supplementation as a growth promoter on growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture Research, 37: 1473-1480.
FAO. (2012). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2012. Rome. 209 p.
FAO. (2014). The state of the world fisheries and aquaculture. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. 62 p.
FAO. (2009). The state of the world fisheries and aquaculture Rome. 176 p.
FAO. (2022). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. Sustainability in action.
Francis G., Makkar H.P.S., Becker K. (2001). Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture, 199(3): 197-227.
Ghosh K., Sen S.K., Ray A.K. (2002). Growth and survival of rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) spawn fed diets supplemented with fish intestinal micro flora. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 32(1): 83-92.
Ghosh K., Sen S.L., Ray A.K. (2005). Feed utilization efficiency and growth performance in Rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings fed yeast extract powder supplemented diets. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 35(2): 111-117.
Ghosh S., Sinha A., Sahu C. (2007). Dietary probiotic supplementation on growth and health of live-bearing ornamental fishes. Aquaculture Nutrition, 14: 289-299.
Gibson G.R. (2007). Functional foods; Probiotics and prebiotics. Culture, 28: 1-7.
Goda A., Mabrouk H., Wafa M.A., El-Afifi T.M. (2012). Effect of using baker’s yeast and exogenous digestive enzymes as growth promoters on growth, feed utilization and hematological indices of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, B2: 15-28.
Goran Siraj M.A., Rasul Dilshad A., Ismaeel Dldar S. (2021). Assessment of Ground water Quality for Drinking purpose in the Shaqlawa Area, Erbil-KRI. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 33(1): 19-27.
Hardy R.W. (2008). Resource management: Natural, human and material resources for the sustainable development of Aquaculture. In: International Conference Aquaculture Europe, Krakow, September 15-18, pp: 5-8.
Hassaan M.S., Mahmoud S.A., Jarmolowicz S., El-Haroun E.R., Mohammady E.Y., Davies S.J. (2018). Effects of dietary baker’s yeast extract on the growth, blood indices and histology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fingerlings. Aquaculture Nutrition, 24(6): 1709?1717.
Hauptmann B.S., Barrows F.T., Block S.S., Gaylord T.G., Paterson J.A., Rawles S.D., Sealey W.M. (2014). Evaluation of grain distillers dried yeast as a fish meal substitute in practical type diets of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 432: 7-14.
Hepher B. (1988). Nutrition of pond fishes. Cambridge University Press. 338 p.
Hontiveros G.J.S., Serrano Jr. A.E. (2015). Nutritional value of water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes leaf protein concentrate for aquafeeds. Aquarium, Aquaculture and Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 8(1): 26-33.
Hua K., Cobcroft J.M., Cole A., Condon K., Jerry D.R., Mangott A., Strugnell J.M. (2019). The future of aquatic protein: implications for protein sources in aquaculture diets. One Earth, 1(3): 316-329.
Khempaka S., Thongkratok R., Okrathok S., Molee W. (2014). An evaluation of cassava pulp feedstuff fermented with A. oryzae, on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass quality of broilers. Journal of Poultry Science, 51: 71e9.
Kord M.I., Srour T.M., Omar E.A., Farag A.A., Nour A.A.M., Khalil H.S. (2021). The immunostimulatory effects of commercial feed additives on growth performance, non-specific immune response, antioxidants assay, and 103 intestinal morphometry of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Frontiers in Physiology, 25(12): 627499.
Lapeña D., Kosa G., Hansen L.D., Mydland L.T., Passoth V., Horn S.J., Eijsink V.G.H. (2020). Production and characterization of yeasts grown on media composed of spruce–derived sugars and protein hydrolysates from chicken by-products. Microbial Cell Factories, 19: 19.
Lee J.S., Damte D., Hossain M.A., Belew S.J., Kim Y., Rhee M.H., Park S.C. (2015). Evaluation and Characterization of a novel probiotic Lactobacillus pentosus isolated from Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica for its use in Aquaculture. Aquaculture Nutrition, 21: 444-456.
Lovell R.T. (2002). Diet and fish husbandry. In: J.D. Halver, R.W. Hardy (Eds.). Fish nutrition, 3rd ed. San Diego, Academic Press. pp: 704-755.
Maaruf H.T., Akbay C. (2020). Economic analysis of fish farming in the northern region of Iraq. Kahramanmara? Sütçü ?mam Üniversitesi Tar?m Ve Do?a Dergisi, 23(5): 1257-1269.
Malik A.A., Aremu A., Ayanwale B. A., Ijaiya A.T. (2016). A nutritional of water hyacinth evaluation (Eichhornia crassipes ) supplemented with meal diets maxigrain enzyme for growing pullet. Jormar, 10(2): 18-44.
Manning T.S., Gibson G.R. (2004). Microbial-gut interactions in health and disease. Prebiotics. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 18: 287-298.
Mirghaed A.T., Hoseini S.M., Ghelichpour M. (2018). Effects of dietary 1, 8-cineole supplementation on physiological, immunological and antioxidant responses to crowding stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 81: 182-188.
Nates S.F. (2016). Aquafeed Formulation. Academic Press. 279 p.
Nkhata S.G., Ayua E., Kamau E.H., Shingiro J.B. (2018). Fermentation and germination improve nutritional value of cereals and legumes through activation of endogenous enzymes. Food Science and Nutrition, 6: 2446-2458.
Ockokwu I.J., Onyia L.U., Ajijola K.O. (2014). Effect of azanza garckeana (Goron tula) pulp meal inclusion on growth performance of Clarias gariepinus brood stock (Burchell, 1822). Nigeria Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 14: 134-146.
Radwan A.M. (2014). The effect of using yeast as growth stimulants in fish diets. Master thesis, College of Agriculture, Mashtohour. Benha University, Department of Animal Production (Fish Nutrition). 123 p.
Safari O., Shahsavani D., Paolucci M., Atash M.M.S. (2014). Single or combined effects of fructo and mos supplements on the growth performance nutrient digestibility, immune responses and stress resistance of juvenile narrow clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823. Aquaculture, 432: 192-203.
Sagada G., Wang L., Xu B., Chen Y., Chen K., Sun Y., Volatiana J., Shao Q. (2021). Effect of dietary inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum and seleno-methionine supplementation on growth performance and health-related indices of black sea bream Acanthopagrus Schlegelii fingerlings. Aquaculture Nutrition, 27(5): 1529-1543.
SAS. Institute (2001). SAS User’s Guide: Statistics version.6.12 ed., SAS. Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. 7 p.
Selim K.M., Reda R.M. (2015). Beta-glucans and mannan oligosaccharides enhance growth and immunity in Nile Tilapia. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 77: 22-30.
Sevier H., Raae A.J., Lied E. (2000). Growth and protein turnover in Atlantic salmon (Salmo saler L.): the effect of dietary protein level and protein size. Aquaculture, 185: 10-20.
Sugiharto S., Yudiarti T., Isroli I. (2016). Haematological and biochemical parameters of broilers fed cassava pulp fermented with filamentous fungi isolated from the Indonesian fermented dried cassava. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 28(4): 1
Sultana S.M., Das M., Chakraborty S.C. (2001). Effect of feeding frequency on the growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fry. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries, 5(2): 149-154.
Tacon A.G.J. (1990). Standard method for nutritional and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp. Argent liberations press. Redmond, Wash. 117 p.
Taher M.M., Al-Dubakel A.Y. (2020). Growth performance of common (Cyprinus carpio) in earthen ponds in Basrah Province, Iraq carp Using different stocking densities. Biological and Applied by Environmental Research, 4(1): 71-79.
Vieira de Azevedo R., Fosse Filho J.C., Pereira S.L., Cardoso L.D., de Andrade D.R., Vazquez Vidal Júnior M. (2016). Manuel dietary mannan oligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis in diets for Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). Acta Scientiarum, 38(4): 347-353.
Xiang H., Sun-Waterhouse D., Waterhouse G.I., Cui C., Ruan Z. (2019). Fermentation-enabled wellness foods: A fresh perspective. Food Science and Human Wellness, 8: 203-243.
Zhang J., Zhu J., Sun J., Li Y., Wang P., Jiang R.O. (2016). Effect of fermented feed on intestinal morphology, immune status, carcass and growth performance of Emei Black chickens. The FASEB Journal, 30(Suppl): lb240.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Aquatic Biology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
