Effects of different physical shocks and sampling time on lipid content and fatty acids composition of Nannochloropsis oculata
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The microalga Nannochloropsis oculata is marine widely used in aquaculture systems as an essential source of protein, lipid, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Day/night pH fluctuations driven by photosynthesis and respiration create an environment that exhibits changing pH ranges. The aim of this study was to find whether physical shocks could change the complete pro?le of nutrients (lipid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, chlorophylls, and proteins) in N. oculata. The algae were cultivated in 32 flasks of ten-liter for biomass production for 12 days using Guillard medium (f/2). The cells were reared at 0.5 molar salinity (29 ppt), under 3500 lux light intensity with a 12L:12D photoperiod and 21ºC temperature. After 12 days, when the cell density reached its stationary phase, they were centrifuged. The pellets were then re-suspended in fresh seawater thoroughly and transferred into thirty-two containers with 10-liter volumes, including eight treatments with four replicates. The algae in treatments 3, 4, and 8 were subjected to salinity (88 ppt), starvation, and pH (11) shocks, respectively and treatments 2, 5, 6, and 7 were subjected to salinity + pH + starvation, pH + starvation, salinity + pH and salinity + starvation shocks, respectively. The biochemical composition of N. oculata demonstrated that T3 at the end of the dark period, and T1 at the end of the light period, possessed significantly higher (51.51%), and lower (24.9%) lipid content, respectively. According to the results, EPA under pH shock, linoleic acid under pH + salinity + starvation shock, and DHA and omega-3 under pH + salinity shock at the end of the dark period revealed significant differences with the control group. The saturated fatty acids showed significantly higher value in the control group during the dark period. The monounsaturated fatty acids increased significantly under pH shock at the end of the light period on day 18. Based on the results, the best treatment to obtain more lipid production in N. oculata was using six-day salinity shock and harvesting algae at the end of the dark period, and for more EPA synthesis in N. oculata, pH shock for six days and harvesting the algae at the end of dark period is recommended.
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