The efficiency of biosynthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles by Fusarium sp. against Saprolegnia parasitica isolated from common carp eggs in fish hatchery
Downloads
Saprolegnia spp. infect common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) eggs in hatcheries. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effect of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnNPs) against Saprolegnia spp. as an eco-friendly treatment. Biosynthesized ZnNPs were characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM), size distributor and Ultra Violate-Visible spectrometer (Uv-Vis), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Biosynthesized (ZnNPs) had a spherical shape with diameters ranging 10-70 nm. Antifungal activity was tested by fungal radial growth inhibition on corn meal agar. The highest concentration of 100 ppm of ZnNPs showed a remarkable inhibition rate of 79% against Saprolegnia spp., demonstrating similar efficiency as the positive control i.e. malachite green in the inhibition percentage rate of fungal growth. This study showed that biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles had a significant antifungal effect (P<0.05) and can be used as an alternative option to control Saprolegnia spp. in fish hatcheries.
Downloads
Ahmad H., Venugopal K., Rajagopal K., De Britto S., Nandini B., Pushpalatha H.G., Konappa N., Udayashankar A.C., Geetha N., Jogaiah S. (2018). Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Eucalyptus globules and their fungicidal ability against pathogenic fungi of apple orchards. Biomolecules, 10(3): 425.
Al-Ardi, M.H. (2022). Rapid diagnosis of Leishmania spp. in blood samples using gold nanoparticles. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 36(3): 587-590.
Ali F.F., Al-Taee S.K., Al-Jumaa Z.M. (2020). Isolation, molecular identification, and pathological lesions of Saprolegnia spp. isolated from common carp, Cyprinus carpio in floating cages in Mosul, Iraq. Vet World1, 3(12): 2759-2764.
Al-Mahmood S.S., Bakir D.W., Hussen S.H. (2017). Gross and histopathological study on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) diseases in rearing culturing ponds in Kirkuk Province - Iraq. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 41(1): 109-117.
Al-Mahmood S.S., Rahawi A.M., Al-Sabaawy H.B., Farhan A.M. (2021). Pathological lesions of acute sodium chloride toxicity in common carp: Case report. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 35(3):417-9.
AL-Taee S.K., Al-Hamdani A.H. (2014). Effect of copper sulfate on liver damage induced by nano-zinc oxide in Cyprinus carpio. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 28 (2): 61-65.
Bhattacharyya A., Reddy S.J., Hasan M.M., Adeyemi M.M., Marye R.R. (2015). Nanotechnology-a unique future technology in aquaculture for the food security. International Journal of Bioassays, 4(7): 4115-26.
Fajardo C., Martinez-Rodriguez G., Blasco J., Mancera J.M., Thomas B., De Donato M. (2022). Nanotechnology in aquaculture: Applications, perspectives and regulatory challenges. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 7(2): 185-200.
Ghozali S.Z., Vuanghao L., Ahmad N.H. (2015). Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Catharanthus roseus leaf extract and its proliferative effects on cancer cell lines. Journal of Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology, 6: 305.
Hashimoto J.C., Paschoal J.A., De Queiroz J.F., Reyes F.G. (2011). Considerations on the use of malachite green in aquaculture and analytical aspects of determining the residues in fish: a review. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 20(3): 273-94.
Jeevanandam J., Barhoum A., Chan Y.S., Dufresne A., Danquah M.K. (2018). Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: History, sources, toxicity and regulations. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 9: 1050-1074.
Jogaiah S., Kurjogi M., Abdelrahman M., Nagabhushana H., Tran L.S.P. (2019). Ganoderma applanatum-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Structural characterization and in vitro and in vivo biomedical and agrochemical properties. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 12: 1108-1120.
Johari S.A., Kalbassi M.R., Soltani M., Yu I.J. (2015). Study of fungicidal properties of colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on trout egg pathogen, Saprolegnia sp. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 3(3): 191-198.
Lone S.A., Manohar S. (2018). Saprolegnia parasitica, a lethal oomycete pathogen: demands to be controlled. Journal of Infection and Molecular Biology, 6(2): 36-44.
Luis A.I., Campos E.V., de Oliveira J.L., Fraceto L.F. (2019). Trends in aquaculture sciences: from now to use of nanotechnology for disease control. Reviews in Aquaculture, 11(1): 119-132.
Mahmood S.K., Abdul Razak I.S., Yaseen M.T., Yusof L.M., Jeber Z.K., Gimba F., Zakaria M.Z. (2022). 3-D nanocomposite scaffolds: Tissue engineering for bone reconstruction. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 36: 433-444.
Mendes C.R., Dilarri G., Forsan C.F., Sapata V.D., Lopes P.R., de Moraes P.B., Montagnolli R.N., Ferreira H., Bidoia E.D. (2022). Antibacterial action and target mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles against bacterial pathogens. Scientific Reports, 12(1):1-10.
Sandoval-Sierra J.V., Dieguez-Uribeondo J. (2015). A comprehensive protocol for improving the description of Saprolegniales (Oomycota): two practical examples (Saprolegnia aenigmatica sp. nov. and Saprolegnia racemosa sp. nov.). PloS one, 10(7): e0132999.
Shammari RH. (2016). Efficacy of filter water with nanosilver-coated natural zeolite in controlling water molds infection on Bunnei (Barbus Sharpeyi) eggs. Engineering and Technology Journal, 28(34): 479-489.
Swain P., Nayak S.K., Sasmal A., Behera T., Barik S.K., Swain S.K., Mishra S.S., Sen A.K., Das J.K., Jayasankar P. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of metal based nanoparticles against microbes associated with diseases in aquaculture. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 30(9): 2491-502.
Taha Z.M., Sadiq S.T., Khalil W.A., Ali K.Y., Yosif H.S., Shamil H.N. (2021). Investigation of gcat gene and antibiotic resistance pattern of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from hemorrhagic septicemia’s cases in fish farms". Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 35(2): 375-380.
Tedesco P., Saraiva M., Sandoval-Sierra J.V., Fioravanti M.L., Morandi B., Dieguez-Uribeondo J., Van West P., Galuppi R. (2021). Evaluation of potential transfer of the pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica between farmed salmonids and wild fish. Pathogens, 10(8): 926.
West V.P (2006). Saprolegnia parasitica, an oomycete pathogen with a fishy appetite: New challenges for an old problem. Mycologist, 20: 99-104.
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Aquatic Biology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
