Assessment of heavy metals on some tissues of Marbled Teal, Marmaronetta Angustirostris in Al-Dalmaj Marsh, Iraq

Laith Ali Abed Al-Obeidi; Hussein Abbas Al-Hamadawi

doi:10.22034/ijab.v12i1.2164

Authors

Laith Ali Abed Al-Obeidi
[email protected]
Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.
Hussein Abbas Al-Hamadawi Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.

Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): February

Articles

February 25, 2024

Downloads

PDF

Abstract
How to Cite
Metrics
References
License

The study was conducted in the Al-Dalmaj marsh which is one of the most important ecosystems in Iraq and the Middle East and represents one of the most important environments for the reproduction of Marbled Teal. The study evaluated the accumulation of heavy elements of Nickel, Cadmium, and Lead in the liver and small intestine tissues of MT during the summer and winter. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the MT organs is consequent as small intestine > Liver. The average concentration of Ni was the highest as 6.6973 ppm in the small intestine, and the highest percentage was recorded at 4.3272 ppm in the liver during the summer. The highest cumulative rate of the element during both seasons was 5.95±0.54 in the intestine, and 1.1681 ppm was the highest rate of Cd in the liver during summer, and 0.9308 ppm was the highest concentration in small intestine during winter. The highest cumulative rate of concentration of elements in the liver during both seasons was 0.982±0.27 ppm. The highest level of Pb was 8.0715 ppm in summer, and 7.566 ppm in the small intestine. The highest cumulative average of the element during both seasons in the small intestine was 6.93±0.55 ppm.

Al-Obeidi, L. A. A., & Al-Hamadawi, H. A. (2024). Assessment of heavy metals on some tissues of Marbled Teal, Marmaronetta Angustirostris in Al-Dalmaj Marsh, Iraq. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 12(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijab.v12i1.2164

Download Citation

Ahmed M.A. (2012). The economic potential of the marshes of southern Iraq and ways to exploit them, Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences, 8(26): 229-254. (in Arabic)

Allouse B.E. (1960). Birds of Iraq, Iraq Natural History Museum, Baghdad University. Vol. I, Ar-Rabitta Press, Bagdad. (in Arabic)

Al-Saadi H.A. (2002). Ecology and pollution. The National Library. Baghdad University. (in Arabic)

APHA, American Public Health Association. (2003). Standard methods for the examination of Water and Wastewater. 14th Ed. American Public Health Association, Washington. DC.

Bachmann A., Tice V., Al-Obeidi L.A., Kiliç D.T. (2019). Challenge C: Ecosystem; Tigris-Euphrates river ecosystem: A status report, Mesopotamian water forum, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Battaglia A., Ghidini S., Campanini G., Spaggiari R. (2005). Heavy metal contamination in little owl Athene noctua and Common buzzard Buteo buteo from northern Italy. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60(1): 61-66.

BirdLife International. (2023). Important bird area factsheet: Dalmaj Marsh. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/8043,retrieved on 25/05/2023.

Brochet A.L., Jbour S., Sheldon R.D., Porter R., Jones V.R., AL Fazari W., Saghier O.A.L., Alkhuzai S., AL-Obeidi LA., Angwin R., Ararat K., PopeM., Shobrak M.Y., Willson M.S., Zadegan S.S., Butchart S.H.M. (2019). A preliminary assessment of the scope and scale of illegal killing and taking of wild birds in the Arabian Peninsula, Iran and Iraq. Sandgrouse, 41(2): 154-175.

Burgat V. (1990). Un micro pollutant: le Cadmium. Bulletin O.N.C., 146: 40-42.

Burger J., Gochfeld M. (2000). Metal levels in feathers of 12 species of seabirds from Midway Atoll in the northern Pacific Ocean. Science of The Total Environment, 257(1): 37-52.

Carp E. (1980). A directory of wetlands of international importance in the western Palearctic wetlands. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Gland, Switzerland. 506 p.

Carpen E., Serra R., Isani G. (1995). Heavy metals in some species of waterfowl of northern Italy, Journal of Wildlife Diseases, Wildlife Disease Association, 31(1): 49-56.

Çelik E., Durmus A., Adizel O., Uyar H.N. (2021). A bibliometric analysis: What do we know about metals (loids) accumulation in wild birds? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(8): 10302-10334.

Danczak A.M., Kalisinska L.E. (1997). Heavy metals in the organs of anseriform birds. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 6(5): 39-42.

Evans M.I. (1994). Important Bird Areas in the Middle East. Birdlife Conservation Series, No, 2.

Fallah A.A., Saei-Dehkordi S.S., Nematollahi A., Jafari T. (2011). Comparative study of heavy metal and trace element accumulation in edible tissues of farmed and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using ICP-OES technique. Microchemical Journal, 98: 275-279.

Faris Beg A.A., Al-Sulttani A.H., Dahash A.H. (2021). Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Water and Fish of Dalmaj Marsh, Iraq, Iraqi Journal of Science, 63(9): 3761-3774.

Fawzi N.A., Goodwin K.P., Mahdi B.A., Stevens M.L. (2016). Effects of Mesopotamian Marsh (Iraq) desiccation on the cultural knowledge and livelihood of Marsh Arab women. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 2(3): e01207.

Furness R.W. (1996). Cadmium in birds. In: Beyer N.W., Heinz G.H., Redmon-Norwood A.W. (Eds.), Environ Contaminants in Wild Life Interpreting Tissue Concentrations. CRC Press, Boca Raton. pp. 389-404.

Furness R.W., Muirhead S.J., Woodburn M. (1986). Using bird feathers to measure mercury in the environment: Relationship between mercury content and moult. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 17: 27-30.

Garstecki T., Amr Z. (2011). Biodiversty and ecosystem management in the Iraqi marshlands-screening study on potential world heritage nomination. Amman, IUCN ROWA, Jordan.

Goher M.E., Hassan A.M., Abdel-Moniem I.A., Fahmy A.H., El-Sayed S.M. (2014). Evaluation of surface water quality and heavy metal indices of Ismailia Canal, Nile River, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 40(3): 225-233.

Green A.J. (1993). The status and conservation of the Marbled teal Marmarontta angustirotris. International waterfowl and wetlands research bureau, Slimbridge, UK. Wetlands International, IWRB, spec. Publ. 23.

Green A.J. (1998). Comparative feeding behavior and niche organization in a Mediterranean duck community. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76: 500-507.

Hassan M.H., Al-Kahali M., Al-Edres M. (2007). Heavy metal contamination in the white muscles of some commercial fish species form Al-Hodeidah-Red Sea coast of Yemen. Journal of Apply Science, 10(2): 79-96.

Herring G., Eagles-Smith C.A., Buck J. (2017). Characterizing golden risk to lead and anticoagulant rodenticide exposure: A review. Journal of Raptor Research, 51(3): 273-292.

Hong Z., Qinghe Z., Chang J., Li P., Shuoqian W., Hong Y., Gangjun Liu G., Ding S. (2020). Evaluation of Water Quality and Heavy Metals in Wetlands along the Yellow River in Henan Province. Sustainability, 12: 1300.

International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2023). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T22680339A205917761. Accessed on April, 2023. Available at http://www.iucnredlit.org.

Jaleel S.A.A. (2020). Assessment of Heavy metals concentrations in migratory bird tissue (Gallinula Chloropus) in Southern Iraq. EM International, Pollution Research, 39(4): 1266-1272.

Jazaa S.H. (2009). A study of physical, chemical and bacteriological properties of water of Al-Kahlaa river in Maysan Governorate, Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Science, University of Basrah. 67p.

Kandoh A.A., Abed S.A., Salim M.A. (2021). Assessment of heavy metal concentration of two species of birds in Hor Al-Dalmaj, Southern Iraq. First international virtual conference on Environment and Natural resources. Earth and Environmental Science 790-012073. pp: 1-7.

Karadede-Akin H., Ünlü E. (2007). Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, fish and some benthic organisms from Tigris River, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 131(1): 323-337.

Kim J., Park S.K., Koo T.H. (2007). Trace elements and pollutants concentrations in shorebirds from Yeongjong Island, Korea in the East Asian– Australian migration flyways. Ecotoxicology, 16: 403-410.

Kunisue T., Watanab E.M., Subramanian A., Sethuraman A., Titenko A.M., Qui V., Prudente M., Tanabe S. (2003). Accumulation features of persistent organochlorines in resident and migratory birds from Asia. Environmental Pollution, 125: 157-172.

Lau S., Mohamed M., Suut S. (1995). Profile heavy metals in water and bottom of sg. Sarawak. Malaysian Chemistry, 1-7.

Maxwell G. (1957). A Reed Shaken by the Wind: Travels among the Marsh Arabs of Iraq. Harmondsworth. UK. Longmans, Green & Co.

Mohammad M.K. (2014). The current status of the vertebrate diversity in Al-Dalmaj Marsh, Al-Diwaniya province, Bulletin of Iraq Natural History Museum, 13(1): 5-14.

Mousa A. (2013). Using Indexes to Detect the Environmental Changes of Hor Al-Dalmaj and Surrounding Areas in Central Sector of Mesopotamia Plain. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 3(2): 97.

Nature Iraq and Iraq Ministry of Health and Environment. (2017). Key Biodiversity Areas of Iraq: Priority site for conservation and protection, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq: Tablet House Publishing. 297 p.

Öztürk M., Özözen G., Minareci O., Minareci E. (2009). Determination of heavy metals in fish, water and sediments of Avsar Dam Lake in Turkey. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 6(2): 73-80.

Pain D.J., Sears J., Newton T. (1995). Lead concentrations in birds of prey in Britain. Environmental Pollution, 87: 173-180.

Porter R.F., Aspinall S. (2010). Birds of the Middle East. Christopher Helm, London. 400 p.

Purves D. (1985). Sources of trace element contamination of solis. Trace element contamination of environmental. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers. pp: 66-68.

Roberts J.R. (1999). Metal toxicity in children. In: Training Manual on Pediatric Environmental Health. Emeryville CA: Children's Environmental Health.

Ropme. (1983). Manual of oceanographic observation and pollution analyses methods ROPME. P.O Box, 16388. Blzusafa, Kuwait.

Russian. (1984). Tigris-Euphrates Main Outfall Drain, Middle part. Project report prepared by Russian, part II, Hydraulic structures and canals, Volume I.

Salamat N., Etemadi-Deylam I.E., Movahedinia A., Mohammadi Y. (2014). Heavy metals in selected tissues and histopathological changes in liver and kidney of Common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) from Anzali Wetland, the south Caspian Sea, Iran. Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety, 110: 298-307.

Salim M.A., Al-Sheikly O.F., Majeed K.A., Porter R.F. (2012). An annotated checklist of the birds of Iraq. Sandgrouse, 34(1): 4-43.

Sanchez-Chardi A., Lopez-Fuster M.J., Nadal J. (2007). Bioaccumulation of lead, mercury, and cadmium in the greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula, from the Ebro Delta (NE Spain): sex and age-dependent variation. Environmental Pollution, 145(1): 7-14.

Scott D.A. (1995). A directory of wetlands in the Middle East. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN.

Svanberg F., Mateo R., Hillström L., Green A.J., Taggart M.A., Raab A., Meharg A.A. (2006). Lead isotopes and lead shot ingestion in the globally threatened Marbled teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris) and White-headed duck (Oxyura leucocephala) Science of The Total Environment, 370(2-3): 416-424.

Taggart M.A., Green A.J., Mateo R., Svanberg F., Hillstrom L., Meharg A.A. (2009). Metal levels in the bones and livers of globally threatened marbled teal and white-headed duck from El Hondo. Spain. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72: 1-9.

Tete N., Rieffel M.D., Scheifler R., Sanchez-Chardi A. (2014). Histopathology related to cadmium and lead bioaccumulation in chronically exposed wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus, around a former smelter, sciences. Total Environ, 481: 167-177.

United Nations/ Integrated Water Task Force for Iraq. (2011). Managing Change in the Marshlands: Iraq’s Critical Challenge. from: http://iq.one.un.org/Water-in-Iraq.

Usero C., Izquierdo J., Morillo I. Gracia. (2004). Heavy metals in fish (Solea vulgaris, Anguilla anguilla and Liza aurata) from salt marshes on the southern Atlantic coast of Spain," Environment International, 29(7): 949-956.

Vardanyan Z., Trchounian A. (2015). Cu (II), Fe (III) and Mn (II) combinations as environmental stress factors have distinguishing effects on Enterococcus hirae. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 28: 95-100.

Varol M., Sen B. (2012). Assessment of nutrient and heavy metal contamination in surface water and sediments of the upper Tigris River, Turkey. Catena, 92: 1-10.