Ecological responses of pen shell, Atrina lischkeana, and ark shell, Scapharca kagoshimensis, to sediment characteristics in a temperate tidal flat
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To investigate the ecological responses of pen shells and ark shells to sediment characteristics in a temperate tidal flat in Japan, field surveys were conducted during spring low tides. Bivalve distributions were recorded, and sediment samples were collected from 32 sites. Regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between bivalve density and sediment parameters, including mean grain size (Md?), mud layer thickness, moisture content, mud content, and loss on ignition (LOI) at 600°C and 800°C. Pen shells showed significant negative correlations with Md?, mud layer thickness, moisture content, mud content, and LOI at 600°C, but a positive correlation with LOI at 800°C. In contrast, ark shells were positively correlated only with Md? and mud content, with no significant associations with other parameters. These patterns were further supported by correlation matrix analysis and principal component analysis. Overall, the results suggest that pen shells exhibit selective habitat preferences, favoring sandy sediments with low mud content and high coarse shell material. In contrast, ark shells demonstrate broader ecological tolerance to sediment variation, resulting in a wider distribution.
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