Species confirmation of freshwater prawns in Ternate Island, Indonesia, through DNA barcoding: Not Macrobrachium rosenbergii
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Freshwater prawns of the genus Macrobrachium are widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. On Ternate Island, the local community refers to native freshwater prawns as “udang galah”, a name typically associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii. This study aimed to accurately identify freshwater prawn species on Ternate Island using DNA barcoding. Prawn samples were collected from two different locations on Ternate Island: Togafo River, which has a steep gradient and flows directly into the sea without being affected by tidal salinity, and the river in Fitu Village, which consists of isolated pools with no connection to marine waters. Tissue samples were taken and preserved in 96% alcohol for molecular analysis. DNA barcoding results confirmed that the identified species is Macrobrachium lar, with genetic similarity ranging from 99.50% to 99.83% to reference data in GenBank. The presence of M. lar in isolated freshwater habitats raises questions about its dispersal patterns and life cycle, as this species is amphidromous and typically requires brackish water for larval development. These findings suggest the possibility of local adaptation or alternative dispersal mechanisms that warrant further investigation. Additionally, this study highlights the effectiveness of DNA barcoding for species identification, particularly for Macrobrachium species with high morphological variation or classified as cryptic.
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